Cerebral Invasion Mac OS
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Article Title
Authors
Abstract
Global and regional deficits in cerebral blood flow are reported with concussions, a major public health concern, with approximately 3.8 million incidences occurring annually in the United States alone. Recent studies have identified an increased risk of musculoskeletal injuries in athletes upon return-to-play. Complexity index is a sensitive marker of postural control, with low complexity index indicating a poor physiological adaptation to stress. PURPOSE: Twofold; 1. Examine complexity index and dynamic cerebral autoregulation (dCA) at rest and during physical stress (rhythmic squatting) in collegiate athletes following a concussion in comparison to non-injured controls. 2. Examine the association between complexity index and dCA. METHODS: Athletes (20±1 years) with sports-related concussions were tested on days 3 (N=33), 21 (N=29), and 90 (N=21) following the injury. Controls (N=27) were assessed at one time-point. Continuous mean arterial pressure (MAP) (finger photoplethysmography) and middle cerebral artery blood flow velocity (MCAV) (2 MHz transcranial Doppler ultrasonography) were obtained at rest for 6 minutes and during physical stress (squatting at 0.1Hz frequency) for 5 minutes. Transfer function analysis of beat-to-beat MAP and MCAV oscillations in the low frequency (LF, 0.07-0.20 Hz) range was utilized to assess dCA. Effective dCA dampens the fluctuations in MCAV in response to MAP oscillations, resulting in a low LF gain. Multiscale entropy analysis was used to determine complexity index from the center of pressure data obtained during quiet standing with eyes closed on a force platform. Two-sample Mann Whitney U test was used to compare data between control and concussed athletes at the three time points. Spearman correlation was used to examine the association between the variables. RESULTS: LF gain at rest was higher on day-3 (1.27±0.4U; p=0.007), and day-21 (1.27±0.5U; p=0.03) compared to the controls (1.03±0.2U). Similar findings were observed in LF gain with physical stress (day-3 p= 0.003; day-21 p=0.001). Postural complexity index was lower on day-3 (4.3±1.3U; p=0.004) and day-21 (4.5±1.1U; p=0.02) compared to the controls (5.4±1.4U). Moreover, a negative association was observed between complexity index and LF gain at rest (β= -0.66, p= 0.04) and during squatting (β= -1.53, p= 0.02). CONCLUSION: The findings confirm impairments in cerebral autoregulation and postural control during the acute and subacute recovery phases following a concussion despite symptom resolution. In addition, poor functional outcome, such as postural control, may be associated with alterations in cerebral blood flow regulation in this population. Tracking cerebral autoregulation during recovery phase may help in preventing musculoskeletal injuries in athletes after return-to-play following a concussion.
Recommended Citation
Reichow, Abigail L.; McCredie, Madison; Stokes, Mathew; Bell, Kathleen R.; and Purkayastha, Sushmita (2020) 'Impairments in Cerebral Autoregulation is Associated with Postural Control in Sports Related Concussion,' International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings: Vol. 2 : Iss. 12 , Article 74.
Available at: https://digitalcommons.wku.edu/ijesab/vol2/iss12/74
Included in
Health and Physical Education Commons, Medical Education Commons, Sports Sciences Commons
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Honors Thesis
Title
Author
Date of Award
Spring 2020
Document Type
Honors Thesis
Department/Major
Kinesiology and Sport Management
First Advisor
Hyung Suk Yang, Ph.D.
Second Advisor
Andrea Powell, MA
Third Advisor
Benjamin Hagen, Ph.D.
Keywords
Cerebral Palsy, Treatment Intervention
Subject Categories
Occupational Therapy Other Rehabilitation and Therapy Physical Therapy Rehabilitation and Therapy
Cerebral Invasion Mac Os X
Abstract
Cerebral palsy (CP) is a neurodevelopmental disorder that results from a disruption in the development in the infantile or fetal brain. It affects over 17 million people worldwide. The goal of this review paper is to provide an in-depth literature review behind the causes, diagnosis, associated disorders of CP as well as the treatment interventions that would lead to a comprehensive treatment plan for CP patients. There are many possible causes of CP, contrary to the popular belief that CP is only caused by hypoxia or ischemia at birth. Diagnosis requires determining the motor function, part(s) of the body affected, and the severity; diagnosis techniques have been recently improving. Identification of the associated disorders is also important for treatment. The treatment interventions comprehensively reviewed include physical therapy, occupational therapy, and the combination of physical therapy and occupational therapy. Additional treatment interventions examined are exercise interventions, speech and language pathology, medications, and surgical procedures. It can be concluded that the best treatment plan for a CP patient will be individualized for each specific patient and may include different amounts of the treatment interventions.
Recommended Citation
Schultz, Taylor Jo, 'Review of Cerebral Palsy: The Various Intervention Techniques' (2020). Honors Thesis. 87.
https://red.library.usd.edu/honors-thesis/87
Included in
Occupational Therapy Commons, Other Rehabilitation and Therapy Commons, Physical Therapy Commons
COinSCerebral Invasion Mac Os 11
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